What is Permaculture?

Frequently I am asked to explain what permaculture is.  Good question!  Explaining permaculture succinctly is like trying to explain Buddhism.  Both are 'kinda philosophies' to live by.  Neither can be surmised with one sentence.

Permaculture literally means "permanent agriculture". When you type "What is permaculture" into google, you get a lot of complicated and very wordy phrases which collectively make you more confused.  Here's some examples:

"Combining the best of natural landscaping and edible landscaping, permaculture aims for a site that sustains itself and the gardener. The ultimate purpose of permaculture is to develop a site until it meets all the needs of its inhabitants, including food, shelter, fuel, and entertainment".

"Permaculture is an innovative framework for creating sustainable ways of living.  It is a practical method of developing ecologically harmonious, efficient and productive systems that can be used by anyone, anywhere."

Errrr, what?  The easiest single quote I found to grapple with is this:

"Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labour; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single product system".  - Bill Mollison.

Maybe some history will help explain a bit.  In the early 1900's Dr. King, former chief of the Soil Division of the US Department of Agriculture, went to Asia to find out how farmers in China could farm the same fields for thousands of years without applying artificial fertilizer.  He learned about how they used the principles of permaculture such as building soils, sharing the abundance and waste reduction to maximise their farming and lifestyle.  King then brought these ideas back to North America.

But even with all those quotes and information; how do you do it? Here's some examples of what it looks like on a practical level on Laurica Farm. 

Some plants promote growth of other plants or repel bugs/diseases.  It seems logical then to plant these 'friends' together to aid growth and as an alternative to artificial fertilizers or insecticides.  An example of this companion planting was something we read about First Nations people doing.  They planted corn, peas and squash together.  The corn provides a structure for the peas to grow up.  The peas put nitrates into the soil that benefits the other plants, and the squash crowds out the weeds.  Seems sensible, right?

Things like salad like shade.  Again, we embrace logic and the resources we have here.  Instead of planting them in straight lines and prescribed beds, plant them near trees.  You get fertile soil under trees as the leaves fall on it all Autumn and decay all winter into a natural compost.  No human effort required.  Once you have observed the land for a while, you can plant your shade loving produce in the appropriate place under the canopy.

We're planning a food forest.  I won't try and describe this in detail, here's a self explantory diagram:

The herb spiral here is another practical example of permaculture practice.  The spiral has it's history rooted in Mayan culture.  The design also creates microclimates allowing you to plant a diverse range of herbs in a variety of positions(sunny, sheltered and shady). In a typical garden bed or pot, all plants are grown on the one level, so the growing conditions are the same. This design offers you multiple options in a compact space.

I talked in an earlier post about agriculture not being sustainable.  As an example, the idea of using fertilizers that have been made elsewhere and transported to our farm seems a ridiculous resource-laden practice. And using fuel & time to plough a field in a tractor seems silly when it can be done by a couple of pigs for less money and you get free, organic fertilizer and bacon as bi-product.  Generally, you can only till a patch of land for 7 years before you have 'killed' it and need to add resources.  So why do it?

Permaculture teaches you landscape design and management that promotes building and protecting the soil for us and for future generations.  We'll manage the grazing of the animals here and plant winter cover crops that we can mulch into the land as opposed to sourcing it off-site.  The chickens are great assets in composting.  Our compost bin is in their run.  I empty compost into it.  They scratch through it everyday, eating what interests them but turning it over everyday.  Saves us the effort.

These are just a few examples, but the focus is on putting less in and getting more out.  By getting more out we are also able to share the abundance.  We do this by selling some of our produce at reasonable prices but also by supporting the food bank.

Recently, I had to explain permaculture to a group of children.  I did this by turning the language into child-friendly wording.  I'm glad I did, it really helped me too.  Put simply, the ethics read like this:

• Earth Care

• Fair share

• People Care

Easy!  When I took the complexity out of the principles, they seemed quite manageable.  They don't embrace everything that permaculture stands for but were easier to grasp:

• Build thing up - give something back to the earth and to people

• Look after things; protect agricultural land for future generations

• Save some for later

• Plan - mistakes are ok but better on paper

• Observe and interact - let nature lead you

• Turn problems upside down; find solutions

• There is a lot to share!

• Small changes have a big effect

• Include a bit of everything

• Produce no waste, use what you have
  

Permaculture is not just about how we farm, it's about how we choose to live.  For me, it's about making farming easier.  If you change your perspective and let your environment guide you have instead of pre-determining what you want to grow, nature will do the job for you.  It's also very much about sustainability, intuitive approaches, building communities, embracing tradition and protecting the future. 

Has that cleared anything up for you?  At least next time someone asks you what permaculture is, you'll might have a couple of quotes on hand!

Bigger, better and far more fun.

This is week has been incredibly busy but very rewarding.  Firstly, Chickingham Palace is finished and looking very retro.  After we got the structure and chicken run up and painted we had to go begging for some cladding for their double insulated house.  I sent my friend Kirstin, whose husband Bruce works for a roofing company, a begging text.  Now this is the one thing I find difficult, making ‘the ask’.  Asking people for anything makes me squirm, and so after typing the specifics of what we needed in the text, I ended it with “SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL FARMER”.  It worked!  We have corrugated cladding on our chicken coop at no cost.  This will now be my default line whenever I need anything.  Surely this technique of playing on people’s emotions is classed as psychological warfare?

The next big project is well underway.  Obviously we have prioritized, sort of.  There are many things we need to do.  We need to build an animal shelter, the barn needs remedial work, there are shelves to be built and land to be tilled.  However, all these tasks have come second to Ian building what is essentially a grown-up swing set.  I showed Ian this picture from the Internet:

Now we have one, almost.  But this is Ian Finley; ours has to be bigger and better.  Ours is hexagonal and will have hammocks as well as swinging benches.  The fire pit will not be a commercial, purchased one but rather hand made from reclaimed rock.  It is filled with reclaimed gravel, built with reclaimed timbers and crafted with love and alcohol.  We will have more seating than friends.

Talking of friends, this week has been a time for valuing existing friends (again) and making new ones.  I went to meet the neighbours behind us.  We knew they had some sort of growing operation and spotted a sign saying that they were open to the public on Sundays, so in I went.  How absolutely wonderful their enterprise, Glorious Organics, is!  Not only was I welcomed enthusiastically by “oh, you’re the people with THE chicken coop” but I was introduced to their cooperative and given unusual fruits, veggies and flowers to sample.  I left with an Ikea bag full of organic yumminess for $20 and an inflated ego knowing that our chicken coop was a thing of legend.

This weekend was a holiday weekend and we received offers of help from our friends.  I found it amazing that people wanted to give up free time to come and help us.  On Sunday afternoon, three couples plus kids arrived at Farmagddon to paint and construct.  It felt sooooooo gooooooooooooood.  Not only was this saving us time and effort but people were willingly investing their time in this little project of ours.  My heart swelled to see our friends sweating in the hot sun and covered in paint, cuts, bruises and mosquito bites.  Thank you to Martin, Erica, Shenade, Kyle, Travis and Kyla.  In exchange for services rendered we lit Ian’s homemade Texas BBQ (an oil drum cut in half, put on a stand and filled with charcoal) and served up homemade Alpaca burgers (the Alpaca farm is just a couple of blocks away) with bread baked in the Otter Co-op and organic salad and edible flowers from the field right behind us.

I also want to talk about growing, the thing we came here to do believe it or not.  Occasionally, but not very often, I get to talk to Ian, you know, when I’m holding something he’s nailing together or we’re washing paint brushes together.  The topic of conversation recently has been what and where to grow.  We know we want an orchard at the back right section of the land.  This will be netted at the top to protect from birds and other fruit stealing critters.  The bee hives will be here too for effective pollination.  I’m going to plant wild flower seeds in the orchard to make it beautiful.  The Royal Hens, Elizabeth, Victoria, Anne, Eugene, Beatrice and Georgia, of Chickingham Palace will be able to roam in the orchard during the day to forage and provide natural fertilizers.  The location is also near to the barn which will someday double as a brew house and kitchen….think craft cider and jams.

The veggies are presenting more of a challenge to our marital harmony, where to put them and what to plant changes daily.  Our continued discussions are largely irrelevant really.  We need to do some tests on the soil here to assess for nutrients and PH levels.  As far as we know the land has never been used for growing but it is quite sandy in places and very stony everywhere.  There is also noticeable differences in the soil in various places.  We can argue about the virtues of the back left section vs. the front paddock all we like but it is these tests that will determine the outcome.  In the meantime, I’m putting a few broad beans in a pot outside the back door as a gesture towards self-sufficiency.  Maybe when we have a swing set to swing on and our creativity is warmed by a hand crafted fire pit we’ll be able to make better decisions????!!!